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Rhetoric and votes

Garret Kelleher

Experimental measure. Read the method before quoting a number.
This compares the position a member expressed in a debate with the way they voted in the division that debate produced. It is not a measure of honesty. A member who argues against a Bill and then votes against it scores as aligned; so does one who never departs from a party line they also argue for. Voting against your own stated view under a party whip is ordinary parliamentary behaviour, which is why the whip breakdown below sits next to the headline rather than underneath it. Full method and validation →
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only 1 scorable vote — below the 10 needed for an interval worth printing
100%
voted with their own party's majority · 189 votes

Why the denominator is small

The measure only exists where this member actually spoke in the debate their vote belongs to, and where that vote can be tied to a specific question. Both cuts are steep.

Votes cast189
… spoke in that debate section31
… vote tied to a specific question13
… position stated clearly enough to score0

The third row is the sharpest cut. A committee-stage sitting can hold fifteen divisions while its speeches discuss forty-two numbered amendments, and the record does not say which amendment each division was. Those votes are counted here and deliberately left unscored rather than guessed.

Alignment against the whip

The same scorable votes, split by whether the member went with their party. The top-right cell is the one worth reading: a stated position reversed while following the party line.

Voted with own partyVoted against own party
Matched their words 0 0
Contradicted their words 1 0

Not scored: 18 where the vote could not be tied to a question, 12 where no clear position was stated in the debate.

Tone

Valence runs −1 (negative) to +1 (positive). This is a separate measure from alignment above and says nothing about how anyone voted — "the Minister has been asleep at the wheel" is strongly negative and carries no position on the question.

ModelSpeeches scored Mean valenceCorpus mean
vader109 +0.543 +0.423

Which policies move them

Mean tone by topic, most negative first. Topics come from an LDA model fitted over debate contributions; the terms are the model's, the labels are hand-assigned.

TopicSpeechesMean valence
Irish-language contributions (sorted by language, not policy) agus · seo · leis · sin · atá · bhfuil 21 +0.320
Justice, policing and defence garda · defence · justice · violence · criminal · gardaí 11 +0.510
Legislation, courts and legal process act · legislation · shall · court · person · information 12 +0.649
EU and international relations ireland · european · irish · union · europe · countries 5 +0.840
Transport, Dublin and rural development local · transport · dublin · city · public · community 5 +0.886
Procedural and rhetorical filler (low-content) important · like · good · debate · did · does 13 +0.918

Departures from their own baseline

Contributions whose tone sits more than two standard deviations from this member's own average. Baselines are per member on purpose — an absolute threshold would just rank people by temperament.

2026-05-20 · An tOrd Gnó - Order of Business · z = -2.9 · Health scandals, inquiries and bereaved families
Is é an t-ábhar gur mhaith liom labhairt faoi inniu ná wigs agus go háirithe an cháin bhreisluacha a bhíonn le híoc ag daoine a bhfuil ailse acu, daoine atá ag déileáil le chemotherapy nó alopecia agus an caillteanas gruaige a tharlaíonn dá bharr. I wish to ra…

Full contribution →

2026-06-23 · Criminal Justice (Terrorist Offences) (Amendment) Bill 2025: Second Stage · z = -2.8 · Irish-language contributions (sorted by language, not policy)
Is mian liom, thar ceann Sheanadóirí Fhine Gael, ár mbuíochas a ghabháil leis an Aire Stáit as ucht teacht isteach tráthnóna chun éisteacht agus labhairt linn mar gheall ar an mBille. Mar atá léirithe ag an Aire Stáit, an Teachta Brophy, ina ráiteas ag tús na …

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2026-04-14 · Fuel Protests: Statements · z = -2.7 · Irish-language contributions (sorted by language, not policy)
Tá an t-ádh linn go bhfuil cónaí orainn sa tír seo, atá ina poblacht agus ina tír daonlathach. Tá an t-ádh linn go bhfuil rogha againn gach cúig bliana, ar a laghad, faoin dream a theastaíonn uainn a bheith sa Rialtas ag oibriú ar ár son. Ní fíor é sin i ngach…

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2026-06-25 · Offences Against the State (Amendment) Act 1998 and Criminal Justice (Amendment) Act 2009: Motions · z = -2.5 · Irish-language contributions (sorted by language, not policy)
Ba mhaith liom fáilte a chur roimh an Aire Stáit, an Teachta Ardagh, chuig an Seanad chun páirt a ghlacadh i ndíospóireacht an lae inniu. Is riachtanach iad na hAchtanna um Chionta in aghaidh an Stáit a chosnaíonn an Stát ar bhagairtí sceimhlitheoireachta ó gh…

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2026-06-11 · Údarás na Gaeltachta (Amendment) Bill 2024: An Dara Céim · z = -2.5 · Irish-language contributions (sorted by language, not policy)
Cuirim fáilte roimh an Aire agus gabhaim buíochas leis as teacht isteach. Gan amhras, fáiltím roimh an mBille atá os ár gcomhair inniu. Is tábhachtach an rud é guth níos láidre a thabhairt d'Údarás na Gaeltachta agus do mhuintir na nGaeltachtaí ar fud na tíre,…

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2025-11-18 · An tOrd Gnó - Order of Business · z = -2.3 · Irish-language contributions (sorted by language, not policy)
I dtosach báire, déanaim mo chomhbhrón leis na teaghlaigh ar fad a bhí bainteach leis an tubaiste uafásach a bhí againn i gContae Lú. Chomh maith le cuid mhór Seanadóirí eile, tugaim ómós dár gcomhghleacaí an Teachta Paschal Donohoe atá ag éirí as a phost mar …

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2026-02-25 · Seachtain na Gaeilge: Ráitis · z = -2.0 · Irish-language contributions (sorted by language, not policy)
Gabhaim buíochas leis an Aire, an Teachta Calleary, as ucht teacht isteach go dtí an Seanad anocht chun éisteacht agus labhairt linn. Ar an gcéad dul síos, aontaím leis an méid atá ráite ag na Seanadóirí sa díospóireacht go dtí seo, an méid atá ráite ag na Sea…

Full contribution →

The whip, across the whole corpus

Alignment by the party a member sat for on the day, with 95% Wilson intervals. This is the test the measure could have failed.

PartyAligned95% CI n
PBP 82.5% 68–91% 40
LAB 78.2% 69–85% 101
IND 76.5% 72–81% 327
SF 75.8% 69–81% 198
SD 71.4% 58–82% 49
FG 69.1% 62–76% 162
FF 67.9% 60–75% 165
GP 56.8% 41–71% 37

Members of government parties align their stated position with their vote 9.4 points less often than Independents — bootstrap 95% CI [+2.7, +16.0], which excludes zero. Opposition parties sit 9.5 points above government too, CI [+3.1, +15.9]. Independents and opposition members are indistinguishable from each other (−0.0 points, CI [−6.3, +6.2]). So the gap does not come from having no party; it comes from being in government, which is what a whip effect should look like. Read this as the measure behaving sensibly, not as a finding about any individual.

How the scorer scores

Two automated methods were built and both failed. What survives is the rule-based layer, which is why the coverage above is narrow.

MethodAccuracy95% CI n
nli-vs-mover-anchor:deberta 35.9% 29–42% 234
nli-vs-mover-anchor:distilroberta 11.5% 8–16% 234

Zero-shot entailment was asked to judge contributions whose true position is known — the member moved the amendment, so the answer is support by construction — and got it right 11.5% of the time, returning "unclear" or "oppose" for nearly everything. A classifier trained on the rule-labelled cases over the corpus embeddings reached 71.1% against a 65.3% majority-class baseline: better than chance, not better enough. Both are excluded from every figure on this page. Only the rule-based cascade, which is exact where it fires and silent where it does not, is used.

Method

Position is read from the member's own contributions in the debate section the division belongs to, by a three-step cascade: an explicit move of the question ("I move amendment No. 5", true by construction); declarative stance phrases ordered so negations are tested first, because "I cannot support" and "I do not oppose" both defeat a naive keyword match; and, where neither fires, a zero-shot entailment model judging the contribution against the question put. Tone uses a separate model and is reported separately. Agreement against hand-labelled cases, with bootstrap intervals, is on the evidence page; no score here should be read without it.