◎ OireachtasDB

← Matt Carthy

Rhetoric and votes

Matt Carthy

Experimental measure. Read the method before quoting a number.
This compares the position a member expressed in a debate with the way they voted in the division that debate produced. It is not a measure of honesty. A member who argues against a Bill and then votes against it scores as aligned; so does one who never departs from a party line they also argue for. Voting against your own stated view under a party whip is ordinary parliamentary behaviour, which is why the whip breakdown below sits next to the headline rather than underneath it. Full method and validation →
83%
aligned on 12 scorable votes · 95% CI 55–95%
100%
voted with their own party's majority · 998 votes

Why the denominator is small

The measure only exists where this member actually spoke in the debate their vote belongs to, and where that vote can be tied to a specific question. Both cuts are steep.

Votes cast1,012
… spoke in that debate section124
… vote tied to a specific question59
… position stated clearly enough to score12

The third row is the sharpest cut. A committee-stage sitting can hold fifteen divisions while its speeches discuss forty-two numbered amendments, and the record does not say which amendment each division was. Those votes are counted here and deliberately left unscored rather than guessed.

Alignment against the whip

The same scorable votes, split by whether the member went with their party. The top-right cell is the one worth reading: a stated position reversed while following the party line.

Voted with own partyVoted against own party
Matched their words 10 0
Contradicted their words 2 0

Not scored: 65 where the vote could not be tied to a question, 1 where no clear position was stated in the debate.

Where the words and the vote diverge

Every case the pipeline flagged, with the contribution it read and the vote as recorded. Judge them yourself — that is the point of showing them rather than only the rate.

2026-02-25 · International Protection Bill 2026: Committee Stage (Resumed) and Remaining Stages · Question put: · Carried

Read as support (cue, confidence 0.85) · voted NIL · with their party

I am speaking in response to the Minister. He is the one who wanted to bring this to the floor of the Dáil. He is the one who refused the opportunity provided to him by the Oireachtas justice committee to have deliberations across every single amendment and section where these should be discussed - in the committee chamber. He was the one who wanted to allow it to take place on the floor of this Dáil, which means tha…

Full contribution → · The division →

2025-07-02 · Defamation (Amendment) Bill 2024: Report Stage · Question put: "That the Bill do now pass." · Carried

Read as support (cue, confidence 0.85) · voted NIL · with their party

I move amendment No. 4: In page 6, to delete lines 18 to 35, and in page 7, to delete lines 1 to 9. I will also speak to amendment No. 6. Amendment No. 4 is a simple but substantive amendment. We have spoken about this previously. Our principal objection to this legislation is the abolition of juries in all cases. I believe the Minister would privately accept that this is a bad, dangerous and nonsensical position to …

Full contribution → · The division →

Tone

Valence runs −1 (negative) to +1 (positive). This is a separate measure from alignment above and says nothing about how anyone voted — "the Minister has been asleep at the wheel" is strongly negative and carries no position on the question.

ModelSpeeches scored Mean valenceCorpus mean
vader1,291 +0.287 +0.423

Which policies move them

Mean tone by topic, most negative first. Topics come from an LDA model fitted over debate contributions; the terms are the model's, the labels are hand-assigned.

TopicSpeechesMean valence
Housing, rent and homelessness housing · homes · local · accommodation · rent · affordable 23 -0.126
Justice, policing and defence garda · defence · justice · violence · criminal · gardaí 19 -0.069
Health scandals, inquiries and bereaved families hospital · families · family · cancer · children · did 31 -0.040
Cost of living, tax and budget cost · tax · budget · energy · costs · increase 55 +0.004
War, Ukraine, Israel and human rights international · ireland · ukraine · israel · war · irish 49 +0.041
Health services, HSE and disability health · services · care · service · hse · mental 16 +0.156
Employment, welfare schemes and business supports scheme · businesses · payment · sector · employment · insurance 19 +0.237
Children, families and young people children · women · young · child · family · families 8 +0.243
Party-political exchange (party names dominate) workers · rights · right · sinn · féin · irish 46 +0.267
Covid-19 and public health emergency covid · health · public · pandemic · measures · safety 28 +0.273
Education and schools school · education · schools · children · students · special 14 +0.362
Procedural and rhetorical filler (low-content) important · like · good · debate · did · does 93 +0.387
Climate, agriculture, energy and water water · climate · farmers · energy · food · agriculture 40 +0.413
Legislation, courts and legal process act · legislation · shall · court · person · information 49 +0.426
Media, banking and State companies ireland · irish · media · industry · companies · post 10 +0.539
Transport, Dublin and rural development local · transport · dublin · city · public · community 8 +0.569
Departmental programmes and funding (diffuse) department · national · funding · new · important · programme 12 +0.653
EU and international relations ireland · european · irish · union · europe · countries 25 +0.691

Departures from their own baseline

Contributions whose tone sits more than two standard deviations from this member's own average. Baselines are per member on purpose — an absolute threshold would just rank people by temperament.

2025-02-26 · Gender-Based Violence: Motion [Private Members] · z = -2.1 · Justice, policing and defence
Gabhaim buíochas leis an Teachta Coppinger as díospóireacht a thabhairt chun cinn ar an gceist thábhachtach seo mar caithfimid deireadh a chur le foréigean in aghaidh mná agus cailíní. I thank the movers of this motion, particularly Deputy Coppinger, who has a…

Full contribution →

2022-10-11 · Ceisteanna ó Cheannairí - Leaders' Questions · z = -2.1
The Taoiseach said the homelessness issue goes to the heart of the type of society we want to be. What does it say about our society under his Government that homelessness figures are rising month on month and are now reaching what would be the horrendous scan…

Full contribution →

2023-12-05 · Confidence in the Minister for Justice: Motion · z = -2.1 · Party-political exchange (party names dominate)
What we have seen are snobbery and condescension, which are the hallmarks of a century-old cosy cartel that does not like to be challenged on its failures, especially by those it looks down on, that is, those who broke its golden circle which tolerated and, in…

Full contribution →

2020-12-08 · Trade Agreements · z = -2.1
The Minister knows what the outcome of the report will be, namely, that the deal will be a bad one for Ireland. He also knows what the deal's benefits are. They accrue to the German car manufacturing sector. That is why the Irish Government will not stand up a…

Full contribution →

2022-10-11 · Ceisteanna ó Cheannairí - Leaders' Questions · z = -2.1
Every political issue is put into perspective by our previous conversation and contributions. Focus Ireland has published its annual report on homelessness and it makes for alarming reading. The report states that rising homelessness in Ireland is not inevitab…

Full contribution →

2023-06-15 · Middle East · z = -2.1
The encouraging of the large Israeli military convoy into Ramallah led to at least 35 people being wounded, at least 20 of whom received their injuries from live bullets. Israeli forces were ostensibly seeking to demolish the home of a man accused of attacks i…

Full contribution →

2023-11-08 · Post-European Council Meeting: Statements · z = -2.1 · War, Ukraine, Israel and human rights
When we were here this day last week the Taoiseach commented that more than 5,000 people were reported to have been killed in Israeli strikes on Gaza. That figure now stands at well over 10,000. We should all stop and think about those numbers for a moment. Mo…

Full contribution →

2024-02-01 · Fiscal Data · z = -2.1
The world, and especially Irish people, are horrified by what they have seen over the past 120 days or so, particularly in Gaza, where Israeli forces have deliberately murdered civilians and targeted civilian infrastructure, including every hospital in Gaza. T…

Full contribution →

2024-04-16 · National Cancer Strategy: Motion [Private Members] · z = -2.1 · Health services, HSE and disability
We have had 13 years of Fine Gael in government. We have had 13 years of Deputies Harris, Varadkar and Donnelly as Ministers for Health who, in many instances, made our health services worse. The experience of health for many people under this Government means…

Full contribution →

2025-05-13 · Housing and Critical Infrastructure: Motion [Private Members] · z = -2.1 · Housing, rent and homelessness
Decades of failures by Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael Governments to plan for the expansion of key water, wastewater and electricity infrastructure is part of the reason the same Governments have failed to get to grips with the housing crisis. I asked the then Mini…

Full contribution →

2026-05-14 · Victim Support Services · z = -2.1
I might not have been clear. I specifically asked about victims being informed that their attackers have deceased subsequent to release. In relation to section 8, the difficulty is that many of the testimonies we hear are inconsistent. Many victims have told m…

Full contribution →

2020-10-08 · Covid-19: Statements · z = -2.1 · Procedural and rhetorical filler (low-content)
I have a substantive question but I am somewhat perplexed by the Minister's apparent lack of understanding of exactly what happened across families and communities from Sunday night until Monday night after the news broke at 9 p.m. that NPHET proposed to move …

Full contribution →

The whip, across the whole corpus

Alignment by the party a member sat for on the day, with 95% Wilson intervals. This is the test the measure could have failed.

PartyAligned95% CI n
PBP 82.5% 68–91% 40
LAB 78.2% 69–85% 101
IND 76.5% 72–81% 327
SF 75.8% 69–81% 198
SD 71.4% 58–82% 49
FG 69.1% 62–76% 162
FF 67.9% 60–75% 165
GP 56.8% 41–71% 37

Members of government parties align their stated position with their vote 9.4 points less often than Independents — bootstrap 95% CI [+2.7, +16.0], which excludes zero. Opposition parties sit 9.5 points above government too, CI [+3.1, +15.9]. Independents and opposition members are indistinguishable from each other (−0.0 points, CI [−6.3, +6.2]). So the gap does not come from having no party; it comes from being in government, which is what a whip effect should look like. Read this as the measure behaving sensibly, not as a finding about any individual.

How the scorer scores

Two automated methods were built and both failed. What survives is the rule-based layer, which is why the coverage above is narrow.

MethodAccuracy95% CI n
nli-vs-mover-anchor:deberta 35.9% 29–42% 234
nli-vs-mover-anchor:distilroberta 11.5% 8–16% 234

Zero-shot entailment was asked to judge contributions whose true position is known — the member moved the amendment, so the answer is support by construction — and got it right 11.5% of the time, returning "unclear" or "oppose" for nearly everything. A classifier trained on the rule-labelled cases over the corpus embeddings reached 71.1% against a 65.3% majority-class baseline: better than chance, not better enough. Both are excluded from every figure on this page. Only the rule-based cascade, which is exact where it fires and silent where it does not, is used.

Method

Position is read from the member's own contributions in the debate section the division belongs to, by a three-step cascade: an explicit move of the question ("I move amendment No. 5", true by construction); declarative stance phrases ordered so negations are tested first, because "I cannot support" and "I do not oppose" both defeat a naive keyword match; and, where neither fires, a zero-shot entailment model judging the contribution against the question put. Tone uses a separate model and is reported separately. Agreement against hand-labelled cases, with bootstrap intervals, is on the evidence page; no score here should be read without it.