The public service Exchequer pay bill is estimated to be almost €24 billion in 2023, which accounts for almost one third of current expenditure for the year. Details of departmental allocations are set out in the 2023 Revised Estimates Volume. Departments are required to meet pay costs from within these approved allocations. Pay in the public service has been governed by a system of collective agreements since the Croke Park agreement of 2010. These agreements have helped to ensure that public pay is managed in a s…